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When we talk about gender identity and sexual orientation, there are terms that are sometimes used. It is helpful to understand these terms. It is important to bear in mind, however, that gender identity and sexual orientation is complex. The terms that are used here must not be treated as fixed and all-encompassing. This means that there are many ways in which we express our gender identity and sexual orientation, and not all of these ways may be captured by these terms.Heterosexual A person who is heterosexual is physically or romantically attracted to members of the opposite sex.Homosexual A person who is homosexual is physically or romantically attracted to people of the same sex. Men who are attracted to men may sometimes identify as gay. Women who are attracted to other women may sometimes identify as lesbian. Bisexual A person who is bisexual is physically and romantically attracted to members of their own sex as well as members of the opposite sex.Asexual A person who does not have strong feelings of physical attraction to either men or women. Intersex Some people are born with physical and biological characteristics that are not exclusively male or female. Transgender Transgender is a term that describes a wide range of gender identities and expressions. A person who is transgender has a gender identity that does not match their biological sex. Transgender individuals may feel that their true sex is not their biological sex. Queer The term ‘queer’ may be used as an umbrella term to describe expressions of gender identity and sexual orientation that are not the society imposed norm. The term is used to be as inclusive as possible of the full spectrum of expressions of gender identity and sexual orientation.LGBTI You will often hear or see people using the term ‘LGBTI’. This is an acronym for the various sexual orientations and gender identities we have discussed. Lesbian (L), Gay (G), Bisexual (B), Transgender (T) and Intersex (I). You will also sometimes see people using the term LGBTIAQ, and other variations of this term. When this chapter uses the term ‘LGBTI’, we are referring to all expressions of gender identity and sexual orientation, including asexual and queer. INTRODUCTIONUNDERSTANDING SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITYAs we grow older, we begin to form a sense of identity. We discover who we are and who we want to be in the world. As part of this process, we discover how we want to express our gender identity and our sexual orientation. It is important for all people to respect each other and treat each other equally, even when they choose to express themselves differently from others.GENDER IDENTITY Gender identity is a person’s innermost sense of themselves as being male, female, a combination or neither. Gender identity refers to how people perceive themselves, regardless of their biological sex. Biological sex refers to your physical attributes, as either ‘male’ or ‘female’. A person’s gender identity can be the same or different from their biological sex. Each person is unique, and an individual.Gender identity can be expressed in various ways, such as by a person’s behaviour, clothing, haircut and voice. It is important to remember that an individual’s gender identity may differ from society’s expectations and opinions of how different genders express themselves, so we should not make assumptions and judgments about someone’s gender identity.SEXUAL ORIENTATION All of us go through a process during which we discover what it means to be attracted to others, and the types of relationships we want to form. Sexual orientation refers to the physical or romantic attraction that a person has to the male sex, to the female sex, to neither or to both. 174 Basic Education Rights Handbook – Education Rights in South Africa – Chapter 9: Sexual orientation and gender identity in schools................................................................